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io6 LIVING PICTURES comparable to that of a watch or a clock, and as regards these latter it is certain that workmanship is the main factor in the results attained; no doubt an English chronometer greatly excels a machine-made watch, but only on condition that far greater care is exercised in its construction ; if this be not so, the probability is that the commoner article will prove the more satisfactory. ' So it is with Living Picture machines. The advantages and disadvantages of different machines may be discussed till no doubt remains as to which is best theoretically, but even then the final test can only be the performance of the individual machines, even though both are of exactly the same design. Therefore, in considering the various types of machines it.must be taken for granted that the work- manship is perfect, and this assumption can only be verified by inspection of the machine in actual operation. The number of suggested mechanisms for obtaining intermittence is so very large that a selection for more detailed consideration is necessary, but various lists of British patents dealing with different types of machines and mechanisms are given in Appendix I. It has been stated that the " description of an appreciable number of these mechanisms would be a somewhat heavy and monotonous task," but it is hoped that, heavy and monotonous as the task of selection may be, the reader may yet-be spared the mental indigestion, which is the author's due and his alone. To proceed then to principles. The different classes of intermittence mechanisms may be considered according to the movement of the film. Thus the film may be moved— i. Continuously (as, for example, in Donisthorpe's machine, or the Phantoscope see—Figs. 69, 85); and— (a) Seen for a very short period; (b) Rendered relatively stationary ; (c) Rendered optically stationary.