Hopwood's Living pictures; their history, photo-production, and practical working (1915)

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FILMS, AND THEIR PRODUCTION 195 markings, which are bound to appear on the film some time during its career, however carefully the film is used; and unless the film is a new one it is often very advisable to put it through a cleaning process before use. It may be that smears or marks are left on the film after its treatment in the developing, washing, and fixing solutions, though this should not be so if the film is properly treated and handled. Debrie's cleaning machine (Fig. i83A) is more especially devised for removing such stains. The FIG. i83A. film passes from the spool A over a wick-pad, B, which receives a regulated supply of alcohol from the tank C. The film is cleaned by being drawn between a rubber- covered roller, D, and an endless band, E, which is provided with a series of chamois leather pads, F. The roller and band are driven in an opposite direction to the travel of the film, which then passes over the rubber-coated roller G by which the film is drawn through the machine. For removing scratches it has been suggested to apply