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Provided your shots are short and the speed stability of your camera and recorder are good, you can use tape for the initial recording of lip-synchronised sound even without any synchronisation other than the clapper board.
The governor in a clockwork camera is not intended to provide the accuracy of speed control required for this purpose. You must therefore drive your camera at exactly 24 f.p.s. by a synchronous motor connected to the A.C. mains. The tape recorder must also run from the same supply and is conveniently controlled by the same switch. Before shooting begins, run through a whole reel of tape to warm up the recorder thoroughly. Record only on tape which has been re-wound several times at least a week in advance.
At each shot, adopt the following procedure:
1. Start the camera and recorder together and allow just over one second for speed stabilisation.
2. Switch to "record".
3. Use the clapper board.
4. Shoot the action.
5. Stop the camera and recorder together.
6. Switch to "playback".
7. Re-wind a length of tape equivalent to just under one second.
This last operation, together with the delayed switching to "record", removes from each recording most of the dead time allowed for speed stabilisation. It would be a needless extravagance to transfer such material to the film.
The re-recording is done in a commercial studio, but it is imperative that you use your own recorder for playback and that you again warm it up thoroughly. Re-recording must be done in a forward direction : running in reverse will not reproduce the original tape speed. For the same reason, it is important not to transfer the tape to another spool, to add or remove tape, or even repeatedly play back the tape before re-recording.
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