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whole scene. Although cell is transparent and colourless, each thickness used does cut down the amount of light reaching the camera. If we start a scene with only one cell above the white paper, and during the scene we add another, the whole scene will suddenly darken to quite an obvious extent.
To avoid this, use blank cells which are discarded when the animation on cell appears. This is another factor which has to be noted in the camera chart.
Making a Camera Chart
Even for the most simple scenes, consisting of only one level of animation, it is advisable to prepare a camera chart.
This consists of sheets of paper ruled with horizontal lines, each representing one frame of film as shown opposite.
Vertical columns represent the different levels of animation, the left-hand column being the lowest level. The numbers of the animation drawings are written downwards in the vertical columns, so that, by reading across horizontally, we have the numbers and the order of the drawings or cells which should be on the pegs together with any frame.
If there is a blank cell, the word "blank" is written in the appropriate column.
If a background pans along, the background itself is calibrated with the divisions it moves for each frame. The divisions are numbered, and the numbers written in the column headed "Background".
Another vertical column is headed "Camera", and in this the positions and lengths of mixes and fades are indicated, and also the frame by frame changes in the position of the camera if it is to track closer to or away from the field.
Although the example of a camera chart given may at first sight appear to be only a meaningless jumble of figures, charting ceases to be a headache for the animator after a little experience.
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