How to cartoon for amateur films (1958)

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Photography The camera and rostrum on which the final stage of the production of the film is carried out, can be as simple or as complicated as our ingenuity or our pockets can make it. The set-up must, however, fulfil certain minimum requirements. As bad camera work or inferior equipment can easily ruin all the work we have put into the animation, it is worth while to spend time, trouble and money in making it as efficient as we possibly can. What the Camera Must Do 1. We shall invariably photograph the drawings one by one. So the camera must be capable of exposing one frame at a time. This is possible with most of the standard clockworkoperated cameras. 2. The camera must be capable of focusing on the field which is used for the animation. If it has a focusing lens there should be no difficulty about this. The close distance at which the drawings are photographed is, however, usually too near for a fixed focus lens, especially as the stop used is likely to be a large one. This difficulty can usually be solved by using a supplementary lens in front of the camera lens. If the camera lens is set to infinity, the supplementary lens should be of the same focal length as the distance between the camera lens and the drawings. 3. The camera should have a viewfinder which looks directly through the taking lens. If it has an indirect viewfinder, this will not be centred on the same point as the camera lens. With some finders this parallax error can be 103