How to cartoon for amateur films (1958)

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On a sheet of animation paper draw a series of horizontal and vertical lines, parallel and at right angles to the pegs. Place the frame mask over it, on the pegs. Then adjust the animation board and the camera so that the lens will cover the area within the frame mask, and the vertical and horizontal lines are parallel to the edges of the viewfinder. To achieve this the easel must be adjusted at right angles to the centre line of the camera lens. When this position is found, the animation board holding the pegs can be screwed down to the easel. However, it is not advisable to fix it permanently until a few test frames have been taken and developed to test the accuracy of its position. This is best left until focus and exposure tests are made. The Pressure Plate When a scene is photographed, the various layers of paper and cell which make up the complete picture must be kept quite flat. Otherwise the paper cuts and the objects on cell will throw shadows, and the small creases in the cells will reflect light into the lens, causing halation. They are, therefore, pressed firmly down under a sheet of plate glass, which is held firmly in a wooden or metal frame. The frame is fixed to the animation board by stout hinges at the top of the field, and, of course, well outside it. 107