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UTILIZATION 27 developing unit of activity in just the same manner as would any good teaching material. The examples given at the close of this section are excel- lent illustrations of the curricular use of film showings. Be- fore showing the film, Farm Animals, the teacher had spent considerable time preparing the children for what they would see in the film. They had reached the point where the film was necessary for further development of the unit. They were in complete readiness for what the film had to offer. Follow- ing the showing of the film they engaged in further activities and discussions that called for a second and third showing of the film. The use of the film was as definite a learning experience as the reading and the clay modeling. As these experiences were confined to this particular group, so the film program would be a class showing with this group alone as the only audience. But the information contained in the film might be of secondary importance to other groups in the building. A Fourth Grade class in social studies which was working on farming as one of the basic industries would be helped by the film. A Third Grade group reading certain parts of "Cen- terville" would be helped by the film. A sixth grade geography class studying farming in Australia would receive benefit also. To them the content would be illustrative, and the values gained by its use would be cultural. In this case an audi- torium showing would be justified, and invitations sent to all the groups that would find the film helpful. The teachers concerned should pre-view the film and the children should be given a general preparation for the showing. Discussions should follow, and the information gained should be tied definitely into the activities to which it is so closely related. Many of the films ordered for curricular uses in certain rooms will in this manner have effective cultural values throughout the school. In general, it may be said that class- room showing and re-showing will be the result of planning for curricular values, and the auditorium showing will be planned for related cultural values. Within the limitations imposed by film resources and projection procedures, the teacher is faced with how best to Curricular Use Cultural Use Principles of Effective Utilization