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contain an account of the problems it had faced and the policies adopted to deal with them. We would like to have a single financial report giving the items of income and expenses. We know that such accounts were kept and read to the membership at their meetings. As it is, we are without a knowledge of what the
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membership dues were, or the method of their collection.
There is proof that these craft uniondeveloped officers who were highly skilled in collective bargaining with private employers or representatives of the government; that agreements were negotiated and entered into by the unions, much as is done today.
Labor Agreement of 459 A.D.
It was not possible until recently to find such an agreement preserved from the wreckage of time. For some six years before the First World War, Mr. W. H. Buckler, the eminent American archeologist, had been in charge of the excavations at Sardis, Asia Minor. During diggings in the city's forum, he uncovered a grey marble slab well preserved, containing a lengthy inscription. Translating it, Mr. Buckler found it to be an agreement between the building trades of Sardis and the Roman pro-consul dated 459 A.D.
Sardis had been experiencing a building boom covering private dwellings, temples and government building. The building contractors had difficulty in securing sufficient skilled craftsmen. Then, as now at times, they resorted to hiring their competitors' employes, of necessity offering inducements which may have led to eventual increases in the general wage rate.
The situation became so serious that the pro-consul took firm action. At a conference with the building trades representatives he informed them that shifting of employment from one contractor to another during a building operation must cease. Once a craftsman had hired to a contractor he must remain with him until the building on which he was employed was completed.
As a result of the conference and the negotiations which followed an agreement was entered into with the pro-consul.
This agreement supplies a most impressive record of ancient industrial collective bargaining. The preamble is unique, but the first clause indicates the craftsmen's skill in protecting the membership, including a provision safeguarding their building trades wage scale. The building trades agreed to be bound by all the provisions of the agreement, "provided the employer is prompt in paying to us the wages mutually agreed upon.'' [To be Continued]
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A Society of I.A.T.S.E. Theatre Sound Service Engineers
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DURABLE ANTIREFLECTION
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Each Snaplite lens is distinguished by its sleek black aluminum mounting. The black anodized finish is an integral part of the aluminum— can't chip, flake, or peel off.
1 rouble-free performance is assured by the hermetically sealed construction of the Series II Snaplite. Its sleek black beauty typifies finer functional design — for the black anodized treatment, inside and out, is an integral part of the aluminum mount ... it can't flake, chip, or peel off!
Enduring top performance is assured by the hermetically sealed mount, which excludes oil and moisture, and eliminates need for disassembly. Cleaning time is cut to a fraction — handling is minimized — danger of damage is sharply reduced. Light-weight aluminum mount cuts vibration to a minimum. "> Brilliant pictures result from speed of f/2.0 in focal lengths from 3V2" through 5". All optical surfaces are treated with durable anti-reflection coatings for still greater brilliance and contrast.
KIILLAIOKIpEN / *P
2 Franklin Avtnu* / / -/* /
INTERNATIONAL PROJECTIONIST • February 1947
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