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specially designed Model X which has no counterpart in the projection apparatus produced by any other manufacturer. It is intended solely for undistorted projection at steep angles. This machine is shown in Fig. 8.
It is common knowledge, even among the uninitiated, that an excessively large projection angle results in a picture having an exaggerated vertical dimension and a distorted shape due to increased width of the picture toward the bottom of the screen — the so-called "keystone effect." The upper drawing in Fig. 9 illustrates the conditions which prevail when a conventional projector is pointed downward at the screen.
The keystone effect (which, by the way, is seldom visible from the projection room) is not troublesome if the tilt of the projectors does not exceed 10 or 15 degrees. A greater projection angle results in distortion that spoils the cinema patron's enjoyment of a motion picture. Tilting the screen backwards at the top is a common remedy, but it has the disadvantage of making the picture look "askew"
tG. 9. (A) Oblique projection with standard projector results in distorted picture. (B) The Ernemann X modified projector makes possible oblique projection free from the "l<eystone effect." Note that the film gate is parallel to the screen, and that the optical axis of the lens is perpendicular in relation to the film-plane.
to patrons at the side of the auditorium.
The Zeiss Ikon works at Kiel attacked this problem on entirely new lines when the Confederate Technical College of Zurich, Switzerland, required for a certain auditorium an undistorted screen image at a projection angle of 22°. The first step taken by
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WRITE for complete information. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., 61625 St. Paul St., Rochester 2, N. Y.
INTERNATIONAL PROJECTIONIST • JANUARY 1954
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