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sensibility, impressions regarding the state of his internal organs, which are expressed in sensations of fitness or indisposition. From his outer surroundings he receives impressions and stimuli from the totality of his relations to environment. Such stimuli are numerous. They excite the terminals of the sensitive nerves in different ways, according to the nature of the stimulant, and of the nervous system on which they react. The sensations caused by external stimuli are always specific : visual, oral, olfactory and tactile, and a special sense organ corresponds to each order of sensation. To awaken sensation the stimuli must be adequate in nature, intensity and duration.
There is consequently a limit, short of which sensations do not register, and this limit is called the Threshold, taking its name from Flechner, who discovered it and built a doctrine around it.
Sensation, generally speaking, does not stop at the organs of sense but, conducted along the nerve apparatus (centripetal or outgoing nerves) rises to the central nervous system, projecting itself on the cerebral cortex, where again, by means of the still undiscovered mechanism, it evolves into that more perfect activity, perception, which is always conscious.
There is a profound difference between sensation and perception. Sensation is elementary and consists in the mere presentation of the object to the consciousness. Whereas, according to Reid, perception is a more concentrated state of relations and reactions, reinforced and illumined by a maximum of personal activity (de Sanctis). We have perception when sensation is enriched and completed by all the accompanying elements of judgment, transforming itself into the most highly evolved state of conscious impressions. Let us suppose that we are presented with a book. The first impression received by the sense of sight is that it is a book, but later, while examining it, we supplement the first impression by many other elements ; the title, the author, the shape, the characters, the print, the number of pages, and so on. At this point perception follows sensation and discovers numerous other qualities wrhich did not register in our consciousness at first sight.
In the child the impression stops short at the rudimental
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