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but the cinematograph, so simple in its techinique and so complete in its achievement, swept all other methods from the field.
The analysis of serial images makes it possible to examine the intermediary stages or aspects of movement ; these aspects which pass unobserved by the naked eye, that grasps only the movement as a whole, even when it is slow, are seized and recorded by this means ; and it is thanks to such analysis that the peculiarities of certain pathological movements have been described, particularly in disturbances of the gait due to nervous disease. The writer has himself had occasion to describe in the light of cinematographic analysis certain particulars connected with the manner of walking in the disease known as « beri-beri » and in cases of double athetosis and hemiplegia (i).
In these studies, we have followed in the footsteps of Marinesco, who did such fine pioneer work in the use of the film for the purposes of research of this nature (2).
The great advantages deriving from the use of the film in lessons on neurology and psychiatry are obvious and experiments which were first made in this field some 20 years ago have now become quite a common thing, especially in the United States (3). I remember admiring some ten years ago certain films illustrating nervous diseases exhibited under the direction of the late lamented illustrious Professor Camillo Negro in his Clinic at the Turin
(1) Cf. A. de Castro: Note sur la demarche later ale dans Vhemiple'gie organique. (Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpetriere, 191 3, n. 2) Note sur la demarche dans Vathetose, e'tudie'e d'apres la cinematographic {Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpetriere, 19 12, n. 3).
(2) Cf. Marinesco: Les troubles de la marche dans Vhemiple'gie organique etudies a Va'ide du cinematographe . Sem. med., 1900, p. 71); Les troubles de la marche dans Vataxie locomotrice progressive (Sem. med., 1901, p. 113).
(3) Cf. V. P. Sainton: Quelques considerations sur Vutilite de la cinematographic dans Vetude des maladies du systeme nerveux (Encephale,
1909, p. 410); H. Hennes: Die Kinematographie in Dienste der Neurologie und Psychiatrie, nebst Berschreibung, einiger selteneren Bewegungsstorunge (Medizin. Klinik, 1910, p.2010) ; Westphal, Hubner und Jennes: Kinematographische Demonstraiionen von Bewegunsstorungen {Neurol Centralb
1910, p. 1330).
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