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The Popular Association of Catholic Germany, acting on these motives, founded the well-known large film-hiring center in Munich Gladbach. As far back as 191 2 its catalogue already included over 1000 films. This was one of the largest educational film collections in Germany. It is regrettable that this institution has ceased to exist. It was recalled t:> life of a kind in the shape of the « Neuland-Kinematographie » of Cologne which, besides the sale of apparatus, dealt also with the hiring and later on the production of cultural and educational films. This undertaking has been in its turn superseded this year by the « Deutsche Bild-und Film-Zentrale », likewise at Cologne. The same reasons led ten years ago in Munich to the formation, in connection with the important South German Workers'Central Association, the uLeohaus », of that film company which was the first Catholic concern to take up the production of recreative films in Germany. It is still operating now, and with great success. The « Bild-Zentrale » of Cologne above referred to was likewise founded by the «Lso» Association. The safeguarding of youth was the chief objective of the Central Association of the Catholic Youth of Diisseldorf when it set up its own film department, since enlarged into the « Stella Maris » Cinema society, operating since 1921 in a much wider sphere than that of the Central Association. It is now merged with the « Bild-und Film-Zentrale)) of Cologne. Of the other initiatives which were carried out in the meantime, but no longer exist, the « Glofafilmgesellschaft » of Berlin, later on renamed the « Spera », should be mentioned. There are, moreover, still in existence some firms in which considerable Catholic capital is invested.
Most Catholics interested in film work have joined a Film work Fellowship, which in its turn is one of the groups forming the Central Cultural Committee of Catholic Associations. The leader in that Committee at Cologne is religion-teacher Marschall. From it emanate the directions regarding the selection of the film censors, the preparation of Congresses, etc.
Institutions similar to those existing in Germany were also established by the Catholics of France. Here also the efforts of several Catholic associations centre in the « Comite catholique du cinematographe », under the high patronage of the late Archbishop of Paris, Cardinal Dubois. The active leader of these institutions is Canon Reymond, Paris. In France the organization of club and parish cinemas is particulary excellent, while there is still much to be done as regards production.
In Italy there exists the « Consorzio Utenti Cinematografi Educativi », which has its centre in Milan. Carlo Canziani is the zealous advocate of Catholic cinematograph reform.
Owing to the tendencies of the general film industry in Italy the position should be somewhat easier in that country. Neither does there exist there an extensive production of international importance, although a good start is being made.