International Review of Educational Cinematography (Jan-Dec 1930)

tie differences in the hues of the tumour about to be extirpated may be observed and compared with the healthy surrounding tissue. « The image shows you the precise colours, just as the students present at the operation are able to observe them » says the surgeon. If it is desired to watch some particular phase of the operation over again, the Professor need only press a knob, stop the projection, and start it afresh from the beginning; the latter part of the operation will come round again in good time, while the students are able to take careful notes of the whole process. « The day will come when a dozen or two medical associations in our capitals, towns, or even out in the country, will be able to enjoy all the advantages of the scientific film. A teacher in one town or another, who has been the first to carry out some experiment, will deliver his perfectly synchronized lecture to the central station microphone, and all the medical associations following the course will be able to watch his experiment in its minutest details. The screening of the film being ended, the master will then set in motion a gramophone disc in a special apparatus to enable the students to listen to the typical heart-beat of some phase of heart disease, and compare it with the rhythm of the normal heart-beat, as clearly as if their ears were glued to the stethescope. After which perhaps, another film may be shown to demonstrate experimentally the intermittent action of the muscles and valves of the heart following on the application of an electric current to the yet living heart removed from some animal, while the students listen to the subtle murmer and palpitation of abnormal cardiac sound. « All this would have been dismissed as a far-fetched story but yesterday; to-day it is becoming the simple truth. « The experiment of combining the teaching film and broadcast lectures has been made. We are by now well acquainted with the different systems of talking film. For some time past we have been able to watch natural colour films, mostly of American origin, which, however, are not yet faithful to nature in their hues. « Scientific and technical use is already being made of colour films; the Bier University Clinique at Berlin and the Klapp University Clinique of Marbourg have already installed the requisite equipment. There are already a considerable number of apparatus for sub-normal size film projection; but so far no standard has been fixed for these reduced sized films. « For several years past we have had screens for daylight projection; none of these, however, are satisfactory, though projects for an improved type have been devised. The demonstration of healthy and diseased cardiac sound was recently made in the presence of an audience of some hundreds of persons, who were able to follow the whole thing perfectly in a big lecture hall by means of Dr. Lutembacher 's Stethophon. « The technical premises for all manner of fabulous-sounding inventions have been laid down. These only need to be worked out ; but so far we lack the requisite impulse to set the preparatory work going, for everything at present depends on private initiative, whereas State and international organizations ought to take up the matter ». DOES THE CINEMA EXERCISE A SOOTHING INFLUENCE ON THE EMOTIONS ? Dr. Franz Koelsch, State Councilor of the Bavarian Government, and expert in industrial physics, visited the United States a few weeks back to make himself personally acquainted with industrial hygiene in that country, with the campaign against trade accidents, general public hygiene, and the actual conditions of the American worker in the presence of the ever increasing spread of industrial standardization. Dr. Koelsch was received by the Fifth Avenue Association of New York, and some extracts from an after luncheon speech he made there will not be without interest. Dr. Koelsch began by expressing his admiration for the manner in which the