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Teaching by film in Norway
by Augusta Stang
(from the German
In Norway the cinema as an instrument of teaching was popularised and encouraged by the cinema theatres. In 1919 the National Cinema Union circularised the Norwegian educational authorities asking their opinion concerning the introduction of the cinema into schools, enclosing at the same time a catalogue of projecting apparatus and a list of available teaching films.
In 1920 a committee was formed of well-known educationists and representatives of the film business. Its first work was to enquire what was being done for cinema teaching in other countries and it then carried out an experiment at the elementary school at Skien. This experiment consisted in showing the pupils a film and making them write an essay on what they had seen. The Committee came to the conclusion that the cinema was an admirable means of demonstrating things, both in nature and in human life, and it recommended that further experiments should be conducted with a view to determining the best way of going to work.
In the meantime, at the proposal of the local cinema managers, the city of Oslo voted in its budget for 1919-1920 a credit of 100,000 crowns for " Cinematography for educational purposes." In 1921 the Oslo school authorities appointed a committee to consider the value of the cinema as a means of teaching and to submit proposals for its introduction into the local schools.
This Committee consisted of M. Schulstad, Chief Inspector of Schools at Oslo, M. Henrichsen, a prominent business man, Rector Kriberg and myself. The Director was chosen president and it was he who conducted the subsequent experiments in the schools. The results of these tests speedily convinced the Committee that teaching by film must be adapted to fit in with the school syllabus and must be given in the schools themselves. Satisfied on this point, the Committee decided to pursue its enquiries to ascertain whether the advantages of film teaching would justify the considerable expense.
For this purpose five schools were selected in different parts of the town. The tests were set to the fourth, fifth and sixth forms, i. e, to classes containing children aged between ten and twelve, and included two subjects: geography and natural history. In each school three class-rooms were specially fitted up for projection; the apparatus was installed by the Electricity Company of Oslo under the supervision of the head of the fire