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— 34i —
the amount of oxygen in the air at the time of combustion. In the extremely improbable case of combustion occurring in an abundantly aerated atmosphere the only products will be carbonic acid, water and nitrogen. In practice this never happens, since, when large quantities pf film ignite, there is always less oxygen in the air than is needed to burn the whole amount; in every case only a part of the celluloid will be burnt. If all air is excluded, i kg. of film (i) evolves, in normal room-temperature, about 229 litres of gas, made up as follows:
carbonic acid about 57 litres
carbon monoxide » 63 »
nitrogen monoxide » 97 »
cyanic acid » 5 »
nitrogen » 7 »
{Report by Profs. Bodenstein and Gimther, Berlin University).
risk. It would take too long to enumerate the difficulties which have hitherto hindered the general substitution of the non-inflammable for the inflammable film, but, as regards school cinematography , a definite decision will have to be taken. Until the question of film teaching has been solved as a whole, the decision we advocate will necessarily encounter great obstacles. At present, in the absence of an adequate supply of genuine teaching-films, many schools employ the cinema for purposes of general culture and to this end are in the habit of obtaining their cultural or dramatic films from^the trade in order to keep up their shows. The question, however, remains an urgent one, especially as the installation conditions of most school cinemas do not conform to the general safety conditions which police regulation in the different countries has laid down for public cinemas. The second point in Dr. Rahts' article which we desire to qualify relates, as we have said., to the question of the 16 mm. film. Our contributor leaves other sizes out of account, but, although the 16 mm. film is no doubt adopted on a large scale, there are others, much in demand and widely used, and it is this that makes the substandard film a subject of such discussion. Our Insttute is following the question with close interest. Obviously, if it is really desired to encourage the development of school cinematography by the general adoption of substandard film — owing to its being cheaper and safer than the 35 mm. film — international action should be invoked for the purpose of standardising the size of film. For the moment we can only express our wish that a solution may be sought in this direction.
(1) The calculation was made with celluloid X-ray film, but the figures also apply to celluloid cinema film.