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is greatly reduced in volume by the process of decomposition, and may be periodically removed by a pump, and dried for agricultural purposes.
This sludge was a disadvantage for the septic tank when it was used for city sewage but in small habitations of groups of habitations, the accumulation of the quantity of solids is smaller and can therefore be completely absorbed.
The septic tanks are therefore important in the municipal field, while having few advantages for small installations, or groups of rural dwellings.
Recently an attempt has been made to develop the depurative properties of the fungus mould resulting from the sediments of the sewage, consisting
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Fig. ii — Septic tank for ioo persons (from a design by Hackett).
to a great extent of micro-organisms. This process with fungus mould according to Neri may be defined as an autodepuration.
As a matter of fact, the same microrganisms which operate in the natural depuration of the rivers are present in enormous greater quantities in fungus mould for which reason the purification can take place rapidly in a small space with the assistance of a sufficient supply in the water of oxygen from the air, which is continually stirred in order to keep in motion the mud lumps, carriers of purifying bacteria.
X. — Stable Hygiene.
The agricultural machine is spreading in small farms, where oxen are being used much less in harness, although still a useful supplement to agriculture, because they transform into meat and milk products which are otherwise difficult to make use of. Thus milk production has gained importance with regard to agricultural economy, and to the nourishment of our people, for which reason the stable should not be considered as a refuge for cattle, but as a the source of milk production. This being so it should correspond to all the hygienic requisites, favouring an abundant supply of germ free milk.