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International Uniforimity of Censorship Regulations.
As the film has spread ewerywhere and has a universal importance the question of the possibility of an international agreement to harmonise the principles and the methods of censure has often been discussed. Such a discussion took place as a result of a proposition made by M. Van Staveren (Holland).
An International Code was suggested which might be accepted by the majority of countries, in order to establish the basis of a more uniform censure in different countries. The very rapid development of the film brought all the countries to very irregular legislation concerning the censure. This legislation has very often a purely provisory character and its details reflect all the phases of development. The Institute at Rome has devoted to this question a very detailed work for which we have to be thankful; it has for instance gathered together the legislation and rules of 62 countries concerning the different systems of censure and has added to this exposition some interesting considerations on the general principles of the censure. The Institute, concerning the projected work, writes as follows:
The volume which will represent the final phase of the work will be divided into three parts:
The first, purely explanatory, containing information with regard to the method adopted in all countries for the constitution of Cinema control; the second part will be of a comparative nature and will discuss the various 'methods relative to one another. It will examine criticisms made by interested parties and by the press on the subject of the principles of successful control. The third part will draw conclusions and will examine the experiences of all countries with the object of determining the best methods to be employed together with faults in the administration of the laws as they stand today and the choice of those which have universal signifigance and are therefore to be considered as the basis of any international discussion of the subject.
It is regrettable that this work, precious, both from a cultural and a social point of view, has not yet been published. The uniformity of film censorship in different countries would certainly come up against extraordinary difficulties, because each country is obliged to consider national interest in its legislation, and also because psychological conditions are quite different in every country. However, this does not hinder the possibility of establishing a basis for film censorship. Therefore women whose capacity for understanding other people's feelings is very marked, seem to be especially qualified to collaborate in this work.
Film Censorship Criteria.
Let us examine some of these principles. I do not wish to enumerate the legislation of different countries, as I hope that such legislation will soon be published by the Institute. I shall take instead, as a basis for