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GEOGRAPHY TEACHING WITH FILMS
by Prof. Felix Lampe
A film becomes a teaching film by reason of the presentation of its contents and the possibilities which it presents for use in teaching and study. In the geographic teaching film, it is first necessary to know how geographic matter can be adapted to the cinema and how it can best be registered on film for use in education.
I.
Geography is a science of space and the film is simply a representation of space and the objects contained in it. Geographic matter is therefore suitable for statement in Cinema. It may always be asked, however, whether the film, permits of showing one by one the properties of geographic space or whether some of these are omitted by elimination.
The terrestrial surface studied in geography has three dimensions : the film like all other images has only two. Relief models accurately made of geographic objects are the only true method of demonstrating them and then it is upon a very greatly reduced scale. But they are very expensive, difficult to handle and difficult to place so that each pupil of a class is able to see all details clearly. Two dimension graphic representation, particularly, in the form of luminous projections does away with this inconvenience. Globes, reliefs and models can still be used but they are projected on the screen and in a film the globe can be rotated so that its details may be visible to all. In the same manner all faces of models and reliefs can be shown consecutively and thus the film makes up by movement for the lack of a third dimension. The film will always give better representation of geographic space than fixed projection, better even than photos taken during a voyage, for by its qualities of changing perspective it augments the plastic value or country-side.
But besides its many advantages the geographic film has also its faults and these must be recognised both to put into relief the advantages and to eliminate the faults themselves.