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— 849
With regard to the first point — tiredness — a report containing the opinions of experts in the field of cinema technique and infantile physiology and psychology as well as data drawn from an inquiry carried out by the I. I. E. C. among children and youths of scholastic age was published in the pages of this review in the May number of 1930, which was dedicated generally to hygiene problems. With the regard to the second point, it may be recalled that the I. I. E. C. issued in 1930 a questionnaire prepared especially for teachers which brought in a remarkable number of replies (over 3000), the results of which were also published in this review during 1931.
The conclusions arrived at during those inquiries in so far as they concern the present report are as follows :
Visual Fatigue — is accentuated if the cinema is frequented in the evening. The cerebral work of the day, especially in organisms v/hich are not yet physically and physiologically developed tends to aggravate the evil consequences deriving from the contrasts and intensity of the light. It is clear, however, that the phenomenon of eye fatigue is numerically of not frequent occurrence and in general diminishes with increase in age. The figures already published which included major and minor centres were as follows :
Major Centres : Minor Centres :
Boys Girls Boys Girls
10-12 years 32.37% 33.77% 24.45% 29.97%
13-15 years 22.94 « 25.20 « 23.11 « 25.86 «
16 years and upwards 20.88 « 20.50 « 29.82 « 8.70 «
Physical Fatigue is also accentuated by evening attendance at the cinema which aggravates the effects of the day's work. The number complaining of this trouble was very small. It was higher in the larger centres than in the small, where life is healthier and simpler, and less abundant in emotional stimuli and therefore calculated to develop greater physical resistance.
The figures were as follows :
Major Centres : Minor Centres :
Boys Girls Boys Girls
16,44% 17.17% 6.68% 8.92%
With respect to the action of the cinema on the scholastic activity of the children, the teachers queried answered by a great majority that there could be no doubt of tht utility of the cinema as a recreational element, as a scientific and cultural means, and as an indirect aid to scholastic teaching, which excludes any possibility that the film may be considered as a dangerous distraction or harmful element in pedagogic activity. Another charge had to be faced, namely that the theatrical film in its present day conditions contained, especially for very youthful spectators, psychological elements calculated to injure a proper concept of life and to give the youthful audience the impression that life is not, as it ought to be considered, a duty towards themselves and humanity but a pleasure, or a potential source of immorality or incitement to crime, something in fact