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SUBJECTS WHICH LEND THEMSELVES TO TEACHING BY FILM
BY
Josef Filip,
President op the Austrian Association of the Scholastic Cinema.
AUSTRIAN educationists who are interested in motion pictures have for some time now concerned themselves with this question. The problem of the kinds of films suitable for teaching purposes became a practical one soon after the war, when the scholastic cinema took a considerable development and a large number of cinemas were installed with the result that the need for suitable films was felt at once. Nevertheless, the demand for films could not be satisfied very easily. There was, as a matter of fact, a fairly large quantity of films available, but they were spread among a number of producing firms, and were by no means easy to come by, either because the firms in question needed the pictures as stand-bys, or because the renting price asked was too high for schools. This was the reason why the teaching faculty organized itself and founded the Austrian Association of the Scholastic Cinema 13-15 Stabergasse, Vienna. The members of the Association at once began to look through the stocks of the renters and producers so that it was possible in a short time to prepare a list of all films suitable for schools existing in Austria. Some of the films which had been made without any thought of schools were only occasionally suitable, and often enough it was only parts of films which could be projected in classrooms.
The necessity for bringing order into this confusion and the advisability of having a system rather than leaving matters to chance, became obvious. The section of Scientific Pedagogy of the Austrian Association of Scholastic Cinemas assumed the
task of deciding in which subjects of instruction the use of the motion picture seemed useful or necessary.
The question of the possibility of using educational films was answered, to begin with, by the very subject matters themselves. The curricula of various types of schools were examined (primary, high and secondary) and after lengthy and careful discussion the subjects which appeared most suitable for cinema illustration were defined. The work received the encouragement of the Federal Minister of Instruction (Decree No. 16154) and the result was a report which laid down in a definite manner which subjects were suitable for illustration and teaching by the cinema in elementary and secondary schools and which required the cinema as a necessity.
In this report, no account was taken of the films that were actually available, but after an examination of the subjects, it was decided which films should be included in the more or less complete list of schools. The list thus agreed upon showed scholastic requirements in the matter of pictures. The Austrian Association of Scholastic Films therefore gave the list the title of " Prospectus of Necessary Films ".
The object of these prospectuses was to serve as a guide for the scholastic authorities and for persons entrusted with postgraduate courses in their acquisition of motion pictures, and was intended also to draw the attention of producers to films used in schools.
In the choice of subjects to use for pictures, it will be seen that the films can be made without any special difficulties.