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THE FILM IN THE AUSTRIAN MIDDLE SCHOOLS
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(7) Hydraulic installations ;
(8) Dangers of the electric current.
The " Filmsbedanplan " was not compiled in the beginning to suit the different ages of pupils, which made the drawing up of a proper programme very difficult. From the film production point of view, this
distinction is very necessary. The films must be complete and coherent as far as they go ; whence it is obvious that although they have to serve more particularly for the teaching of physics, analysis, that is to say, the geographical, geological ethnical, economic, historical and biological content, must not be sacrificed to synthesis.
USE OF FILMS IN THE AUSTRIAN INSTITUTES OF MIDDLE EDUCATION SCHOOLS
BY
Doctor Johann Haustein,
Austrian photocraphic and cinematographic service of the Federal Ministry of Education.
THE Austrian institutes of middle education, above all those properly called middle schools (1), comprise : lyceums, scientific lyceums, technical schools, female high schools, besides teachers' training colleges, technical institutes and those for the commercial and agricultural professions.
At first, most of these institutes hesitated regarding the use of the film in education. Nevertheless, a certain number of them, particularly some national institutes (boarding schools) and various technical and trade schools together with schools of other kinds, did provide themselves with a scholastic cinema. However, save for a few exceptions, this installation did not take the form of a cinema destined for projections in the class-rooms, but of a scholastic cinema at the spectacles in which the whole school or at least several classes together assisted.
(1) Middle school = school between the elementary school and the high school : pupils leaving the middle school have the right, after passing their examinations to frequent high school (university, technical school, agricultural veterinary high school, commercial school, etc.).
In the majority of cases, the projection took place in the afternoon and consisted of educational or instructive-divertive films shown to all the pupils of the institute, instead of educational films shown only to certain classes and during school hours.
This reluctance of the middle schools with regard to films was not without reason, not so much because of the uncertainty of results and the importance of this new means of education, as on account of the technical and financial difficulties arising from the use of the didactic film.
A cinema intended for the showing of educational films should not be installed in the hall used for instruction, but in smaller contiguous rooms provided for the purpose.
The management of the apparatus should be entrusted to an expert operator who could, however, be one of the masters.
The material of which the more or less non-inflammable films are made and which those authorities most desirous of a safety guarantee would certainly adopt, was and is not only expensive but is far from being durable.