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THE REDUCED SIZE SOUND FILM
BY
Dr. £. von Lolhoffel.
THE reduced size film has conquered a predominant position in the field of educational and instructional cinematography during the last few years. This is due to the easy handling and maintenance of the apparatus, the safety it enjoys against the danger of fire the reasonable price asked for machines and the numerous uses that can be made of them. All this has favoured the introduction of the sub-standard picture in teaching. The numerous reduced size silent films existing have given teachers a possibility of adapting the motion picture to all requirements and of including it in their didactic programmes.
The coming of the sound film makes plain even in the domain of the reduced size picture, the disadvantages of the silent film as compared with the sound film. The supply of new silent films has necessarily run short since the production of documentary and instructive films has all been in sound films. After more than 80 per cent of the cinemas of Europe have wired their halls for sound, silent films no longer prove remunerative for the big motion picture producing houses.
Consequently, the sub-standard silent picture was forced to turn into a sound film to keep up to date.
The early attempts to combine silent films with gramophone discs could not give satisfactory results since the reason of the existence of the sound film does not lie in the possibility of accompanying pictures with music or more or less artificial sounds, but rather in giving sound and image a true and natural unity capable of effectively increasing the suggestive quality of the film.
The first step to be taken for the develop
ment of the reduced size sound films would naturally consist in the production of apparatus for registering and projecting substandard sound films.
It will be remembered that last year, at the last Teaching Cinema Congress, the first models of sub-standard sound film machines were presented, or at any rate announced. Since then, technical progress has reached such perfection that it has become possible to solve the problem of reducing normal size sound films into sub-standard sound films in the most satisfactory manner. Apparata for projecting sound films has been put on the market and these machines are very perfect from both optical and acoustic points of view.
The most important question, that of format, has been settled by means of an agreement between the German and American producers who have adopted the format in commonest use in the world market.
The 1 7.5 mm. size, proposed by France, is not utihzable in these machines, and does not interest the world market.
In order to preserve for the picture its natural size and to allow the sound track to have a width of 16,5 mm (a sufficient width to obtain a good and fairly powerful reproduction) the 1 6 mm film is only perforated on one side, which does not in any way impede the running of the reel. Lengthy experiments, made without any special precautions, have demonstrated that the running and evenness of running of the film are perfectly assured, and that the perforations are not subjected to any excessive wear.
A new projector for 1 6 m film has been manufactured by the Klangfilm G. m. b.