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DISCS AND SOUND FILMS FOR FOLKLORE RESEARCH
411
by the O. N. D. and the L. U. C. E. I will not fail to take every advantage of this am sure, however, that we shall not have to powerful means offered by modern techwait long for such films. nique for undertaking an interesting but I hope therefore that experts and students difficult work.
THE PRODUCTION OF TEACHING FILMS
BY
Dr. Ernest Rust,
of the Photographic Institute of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Features of the Teach T^y the "teaching ing Film. jjfilm" we mean
the kind of film which is suitable for the school and can be used during lessons, like any other didactic means, at the right moment. The distinctive feature of the teaching film (1) is its instructive content , clearly defined according to the principles of pedagogics and adapted to the particular type and grade of school.
School teaching is necessarily based on a foundation of determinate presumptions and acquirements, because the pupil must learn to make use of these presumptions and acquirements ; it is only in this way that he can develop his mind and understand the problems of life. The teaching film is therefore to some extent in contradiction with the cultural film, since the latter is intended for a public which has received no particular instruction in the subjects presented and is gathered together by chance.
The cultural film is intended for a public which requires a greater recreational quality in films and is therefore satisfied with a more or less superficial and explanatory
content ; whereas the didactic film must aid the pupil-spectator to understand and to realize relations which are not easily perceived. The school, therefore, makes other and greater demands on the film than a cinema hall or other places where documentary films are shown to the general public (2).
Necessity of Collab If a film is to be suitoration. able for use jn scnools
a number of things must be taken into consideration : the psychology of the pupils, the function to be entrusted to the teacher, the necessary details of collective teaching. The master only is in a position to judge of these qualities, but his aptitude and knowledge are not of themselves sufficient for the creation of a film which responds to rigorous didactic requirements. A film is a much more complicated production than a text book, and the conception, staging and making of a film cannot be done by the teacher only, except in a few isolated cases. The master is well informed as to pedagogic requirements but he is not familiar with
(1) We deliberately refrain from using the words (2) We must point out here that we have not the
educational film " (Lehrfilm) because this expres slightest intention of condemning cultural films ,
sicn covers not only the scholastic film produced for on the contrary, when they are in their proper place
teaching purposes, but also instructive films of every we welcome them as readily as the teaching film
.kind such as those the popularization of knowledge. in the school.