Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (1930-1949)

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202 LOYD A. JONES AND OTTO SANDVIK [j. s. M. P. E. certain edge effects the best known of which is the Eberhardt effect. These phenomena are probably of more theoretical interest than practical importance at the present time. The growth of the diameter of an image with exposure is, of course, a well known phenomenon, and has been used by the astronomer for years as a method to determine stellar magnitudes. A typical case of image growth is shown in Fig. 14 where the diameter of the image is plotted as a function of the logarithm of the exposure. The 103 101 too 93 98 97 PENSHTY OF I I I I 0 OZ 0.4 0.6 Ob 1.0 I/& 1.4 !.* I.& 210 FIG. 16. Curves showing the change in the size of an image as a function of the image density. The family of curves represents 2, 4, 8, and 12 minutes' development, respectively, from left to right. linearity between these quantities as shown is somewhat better than that in the average case. There is also a contraction of the image due probably to a tanning action of the reaction products formed during development. The absolute value of the amount of contraction depends on the size and the density of the image as shown by the two curves in Fig. 15. The upper curve shows the contraction with density of an image 4.5 mm. in diameter, while the lower curve shows the contraction of the image with its diameter for constant density. It is apparent from the lower curve that the contraction is differential with the distance from the