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FILM PERFORATION AND ITS MEASUREMENT WALTER H. CARSON*
The advent of sound in the motion picture field and the growing popularity of color productions, as well as the imminent changes in the size of motion picture film, have raised many new problems throughout the industry from the standpoint of the producer, the laboratory, and the manufacturer.
Not least among these questions is that of the perforation. This is not a new question, for it has been the subject of much discussion for a number of years past, but, through the cooperation of the various factors, there has been a gradual standardization. Besides the perfection of the perforators themselves, there has been a continuous effort to improve the sprockets and claws in cameras, printers, and projectors. Also, the inevitable shrinkage of film has been reduced to a minimum.
In the 35 mm. field a very definite basis of standardization has been reached, which has been fully accepted by both the manufacturer of raw film and the manufacturer of mechanical equipment, so that damages to the film resulting from lack of uniformity between the perforations and the devices for the transportation of the film through the various mechanical units have to a large degree been eliminated. It still happens, however, that the film user encounters some difficulty in his camera, developing machine, or projector which can only be explained by a fault in the perforations, which, in turn, might be traced to excessive shrinkage of the film.
Heretofore, the means of convincing himself of the correctness of this conclusion have usually been either crude and inadequate or unavailable on account of the intricacy of such equipment. Mechanical engineers developing film equipment of any kind are still inclined to demand a very close conformity to the figures of standardization on newly perforated film and to condemn each minute variation from these figures as an insurmountable difficulty. They disregard entirely the fact that mechanical equipment must be so made as to
* Agfa Ansco Corporation, Binghamton, N. Y.
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