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226 PROGRESS REPORT [j. s. M. p. E.
should be adopted. He suggests a picture size of 36 mm. by 22 y2 mm. leaving 4 mm. for the sound track and 11 mm. for the sprockets giving a film 51 mm. wide. In the positive print, the sound record is printed outside the perforations and with sound-ondisk methods a narrower film (47 mm.) is suggested.
To avoid difficulties resulting from damage to the sound track because of its narrowness and proximity to the picture area and perforations, the German Tri-Ergon process uses a 42 mm. film and prints the sound track in the center of the extra 7 mm. width.8*
In the more direct field of manufacture, Didee"9 has given information on the manufacture of film base and preparation of emulsions. Details of the preparation of Ozaphane film have been published by Pouchon10 and two patents have been granted relating to films coated with a diazo compound and phenol.11 Only a few patents have been granted on improvements in the manufacture of nitrate base12 whereas the continued large number of patent applications related to acetate bases13 give evidence of the efforts being made to standardize this product. Two patents have been granted on the design of a machine for making transparent film of viscose or cellulose acetate.14 A few patents have appeared on special base compositions16 such as cellulose sulfate and carboxylate.
Improvements in methods of increasing the sensitiveness of photographic emulsions have been protected by patents, particularly the addition of certain substances to gelatin,16 or bathing the emulsioned material or treating the emulsion before coating in a solution of a double salt of silver and an alkali with boron in the negative radical.17
B. Studio and Location.
The nearness of New York to the center of sound equipment manufacture and stage talent has caused a revival of work in the studios located in the vicinity.18 Several new studios have been built and all of these are reported to be in operation. The production increase in New York has not affected Hollywood apparently because in that city additional sound stages have been built19 and other silent ones remodeled. There has been considerable emigration of acting talent to Hollywood and it is reported that voice teachers have been busily engaged assisting the "silent" actors to acquire voices.
Most of the sound pictures produced abroad have thus far been "shorts" and news weeklies. British International Pictures in England and Ufa in Germany have completed sound stages and pro