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228 PROGRESS REPORT [j. s. M. p. K.
A small combined camera and projector exposes pictures on onehalf of one side of a film, then reverses and exposes the other half. The pictures may be projected either on a screen or in a small albumlike box in daylight.32 A compact, quickly adjustable tripod with an extension from 85 cm. to 170 cm. has been marketed by the AskaniaWerke in Berlin.33 This same firm has produced a tripod head by which the camera may be moved through a 180 degrees vertical tilt, slid forward or backward and rotated for panoraming.34
The Mitchell camera has been equipped interchangeably for variable area or variable density sound recording.35 Stull36 has described several of the sound proof housings devised by various cameramen and technical staffs to avoid the use of large sound booths. These new housings are known by rather picturesque names such as "Bungalow," "Blimp," "Baby Booth," etc.
Patents37 have been granted on a large number of improvements in camera design relating to pressure plates, friction clutches, magazine holders, cameras for making stereoscopic pairs of images, etc.
A camera and projector having optically compensating movements of comparatively simple design have been described by Hatschek.38
Time-Lapse and Ultra-Speed Cameras. — A historical review39 of the various types of rapid cameras has been published and it is claimed with one type that exposures up to 100,000 per second are possible for certain subjects. Thun's ultra-rapid camera employs continuously moving film and a rotating lens wheel and is capable of 4000 pictures per second.40 Another camera invented by Cranz of Berlin will take 5000 pictures per second.41 Beck42 has described a timelapse camera which may be set for automatic exposures at intervals of from 15 seconds to 10 minutes. Patent protection has been granted on an automatic electrical device for actuating motion picture cameras which operate at timed intervals.43
Studio Light Sources. — Incandescent lighting continues to bej employed extensively in the production of many sound pictures, although arc lighting has by no means been discontinued as Sebring has shown in a recent article.44 The problem with arcs has been to! reduce motor noises and this has been accomplished by using choke i coils and toggle switches to cut out the motors during actual shooting.; The use of tungsten powder inside lamp bulbs is claimed to increase! their life about 30 per cent as the efficiency may be kept at a maximum, during an entire run.45 Lamp manufacturers continue to improve;