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234 PROGRESS REPORT [j. s. M. p. B.
rooms as well as a library and a completely equipped little theater and projection room.91
Equipment. — A general article has been written on the design of automatic processing machines with suggestions on their use.92 A compact tube developing machine known as the "Rovo" has been marketed.93
Photographic Chemicals and Solutions. — Methods of obtaining fine grain images have been reviewed94 and developers described that give images finer than can be obtained with the Kodak borax developer but all formulas are open to the objection that the development time required is excessively long (45 minutes to one hour). Abnormal graininess may occasionally be due to atmospheric conditions rather than to the solution used according to Barsy95 who also describes tests on several developers and strongly recommends the Kodak borax formula.
Two reports were presented before the Society at the last meeting on further studies on the borax developer, one by Moyse and White96 and another by Carlton and Crabtree.97 The former recommend a new formula with the hydroquinone omitted as giving satisfactory results with negative film. The latter find the present formula satisfactory for general negative development and specify methods of revival of the solution to keep the working capacity at a maximum throughout the useful life. A considerable portion of the paper is devoted to a study of methods of improving graininess of images produced by this developer as well as ways of varying the rate of development of the solution.
A series of comprehensive papers are being published by Chibissoff and his collaborators98 reviewing and correlating the available data on the chemistry of developers and development. As a result of an investigation on the fogging properties of developers stored in contact with various metals and alloys, Ross and Crabtree99 conclude that zinc, copper, and tin tend to give trouble from aerial fog or produce chemical fogging effects. In a developer containing bisulfite, zinc forms sodium hydrosulfite which is a strong fogging agent.
An informative study of the properties of fixing baths was described by Crabtree and Hartt100 at the May, 1929, meeting of the Society. Criteria for comparing various fixing baths are established and data are presented for compounding solutions having specific properties. The formation of a precipitate on the addition of potassium iodide solution to a fixing bath has been suggested by Gar