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522 S. S. A. WATKINS AND C. H. FETTER [j. s. M. p. E.
main volume control. After leaving the main volume control further amplification is provided in the main amplifier room before the electrical energy is delivered to the recording machines.
In making a sound picture it is necessary to provide means to control the amplification between the microphones and the recording machines. This is done by means of a properly designed monitoring system. A monitoring room adjoins the studio and is isolated acoustically from it. Large windows are provided through which the monitor man may observe the action on the set and at the same time control the sound recording. The monitor man has means of properly combining the outputs of as many as nine microphones and has arrangements to control the volume of each one to get a good acoustic balance. The main volume control is located on the output of the booster amplifier where the volume level is sufficient to reduce the hazard of noise introduction in its manipulation. The volume of sound which goes into the electrical recorders is measured by means of an instrument called a volume indicator. A meter associated with this instrument is in front of the monitor man and the volume is regulated in accordance with deflections of the needle of this instrument.
The volume indicator is an electrical measuring device and when properly used it is the best known method of quantitatively gauging recording level. In order to measure results quantitatively the monitor man must actually listen to the sound. The conditions under which he listens should represent as near as possible average theater conditions. For this reason the monitor room is designed to have acoustics which might represent an average theater. Standard types of theater loud speakers are installed which are operated through a special monitoring amplifier from the output of the main amplifier which feeds the recording machines. The monitor man by throwing a key can also monitor the actual sound recorded on the film by means of a special amplifying system connected to a photo-electric cell located in the film recording machine. In this way the sound may actually be monitored as it is being recorded and any defect which might occur in the film recording system can be instantly detected.
After a sound record has been made on both film and wax it is possible to reproduce the sound at once by means of a playback from the wax recording machine. The sound energy delivered to the wax machine is identical in every respect to the sound delivered