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MOTION PICTURES WITH SOUND ON STANDARD 16 MM. FILM*
H. G. TASKER AND A. W. CARPENTER**
Summary. — The development of sound on 16 mm. film presents technical problems that have resulted in the proposal of many unconventional arrangements of sound track and picture as possible solutions. Each has for its object a simplification of this development problem in one or more respects, and each makes some sacrifice of cost either in the film itself, the machinery for projection, or in the machinery and methods of preparing the prints.
The solution here described avoids these cost penalties by employing standard 16 mm. film with a sound track and picture arrangement entirely comparable with the conventional 35 mm. release prints except for photographic reduction of both picture and sound track in the proper proportion. These reduction prints are made directly from 35 mm. negatives that have not been modified in any particular.
Three groups of sound-on-film projectors for use with this film have been developed. These include a complete home model, combining radio, phonograph, sound-on-disk , sound-on-film, and silent projection; a schoolroom model arranged for sound and silent film only, and an industrial model intended only for sound-film projection, which is arranged in a portable carrying case. All these machines are self-threading.
The admittedly attractive features of motion pictures with sound on 16 mm. film have heretofore been obscured by some rather difficult technical problems. Obviously, the greatest advantage of 16 mm. film lies in its low cost per reel. This holds true in each of the contemplated fields of application, whether industrial, educational, or home entertainment. On the other hand, the factors that permit this low cost, namely, narrow gauge and low film speed, are the very features that present the most severe technical difficulties in the problem of producing sound from such film.
Were it not for these difficulties there would be very little occasion to discuss standards for 16 mm. film. Since the 16 mm. field must always depend in a large measure upon 35 mm. sources, it is obvious that the most attractive standard would be a simple reduction from standard 35 mm. sound film in the appropriate ratio 1 to 0.4. A dis
* Presented at the Spring, 1932, Meeting at Washington, D. C. ** United Research Corporation, Long Island City, N. Y.
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