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Sept., 1932] SOUND ON STANDARD 16 MM. FILM 239
begun with the idea of adopting a film standard that would offer the simplest production methods at the lowest possible film cost, quite regardless of the technical difficulties to be overcome. Should it later prove that these difficulties were insurmountable or their solution not commercially feasible, some more favorable form of film layout could then be chosen more intelligently with a more accurate knowledge of the relative merits and penalties involved. This determination led naturally to the adoption of straight optical reduction of the present S. M. P. E. standard 35 mm. sound prints. The results of this developmental work have been very gratifying in that this simple optical reduction of 35 mm. sound prints to 16 mm. sound prints has been justified as an entirely practical and very economical means of producing such film.
In making such a film, standard 16 mm. film stock with 2 rows of sprocket perforations is employed, and the sound track occupies a place alongside the picture just as in 35 mm. sound films. The relative dimensions of picture and sound track are practically identical, except that the slightly greater relative width of 16 mm. film as measured between sprocket holes makes it possible to allow proportionately larger unused margins on either side of the sound track, if desired.
On the other hand, the Society has already had occasion to consider a film layout1 in which it is attempted to obtain a wider sound track without widening the film, at the sacrifice of one row of sprocket holes. Of all the suggestions that have been made for 16 mm. sound film layouts, only this and the simple reduced standard have been seriously considered for standardization by the Society; and it seems appropriate, therefore, to make direct comparison of the essential features of each.
Fig. 1 shows direct optical reduction of sound and picture on a standard 16 mm. film having the usual two rows of perforations and in all dimensions identical with the film stock being used for silent 16 mm. projection. The sound track occupies the position that corresponds to 35 mm. film, but is reduced in the appropriate proportions. Since 35 mm. sound film operates at 24 frames per second, the 16 mm. film derived from it must also be projected at this speed, with a resulting film velocity of 36 feet per minute. Consequently, the total length of any 16 mm. sound track must be exactly 4/io the length of the original 35 mm. track from which it was taken. Since the space available between the sprocket holes on 16 mm. film is very