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Dec., 1932] MOTION PICTURES IN U. S. NAVY 549
This occurred not only with film taken aboard at New York City, but with film obtained at Panama, Cuba, and New Orleans as well.
This experience showed that a sound gate must be developed that would not be affected by reasonably large deposits, or that the wax now used in the "processing" must be eliminated.
The film used by the Navy undergoes treatment to which no commercial film is subjected. All film aboard ship must be stored above the gun deck. This means above the dry line of the ship, as the gun deck and all that is above are subjected to atmospheric moisture and water. To be sure, the film is stored in the regulation metal shipping containers, but these are designed primarily to be fire-proof and not water-proof.
The film must be handled with great care, both in and out of the machines, for two reasons: the first is that of cost, as the film is purchased outright; the second is that the distribution system, under which the shows pass from ship to ship, would be interrupted seriously if a film were to become damaged prematurely. Some films must be used 50 or more times before being returned to the exchanges for extensive overhauling. Using normal film in good condition, we can be assured of giving 500 performances with our projectors without damaging film to any extent. This is, of course, assuming that the film will be properly handled by operators and shippers, and that it is passed through the machines in good condition. These requirements are not always fulfilled, but we can figure on 75 shows per film under normal conditions. It is clear, therefore, why the Navy requires that the film operating parts of the machines be so designed as to impose as little wearing of the film as possible. These requirements have been severely criticized in the past by manufacturers of projectors, their contention being that the film deteriorates from causes other than wear before 800 showings have been achieved. The Navy requires that the continuity of circulation by programs be maintained with long periods between major repairs. The only way to accomplish this is to eliminate as far as practicable the causes of damage. Experience has shown that stored film will last one year. Therefore, if the damage sustained during handling can be so regulated that major repairs will not be required during the first year, even up to the maximum number of showings, we can reasonably be assured of continuity of circulation of programs. We pay in design, not for economy in film consumption, but for the assurance to the Navy of a movie show.