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Mar., 1933] FILM RECORDERS 225
tion panel of the standard recording channel. From here, the sound may be mixed with the output of separate microphones or with the output of other film phonographs in order to create various sound effects on the final films.
With a processed film reproduced by the film phonograph, it is possible to combine two or more sound tracks, to add sound effects to an original recording, or to match sound levels in the finally edited picture. The user of the equipment is then enabled to make high quality re-recordings and dubbings with complete confidence.
Film phonographs are usually furnished with a Selsyn motor mounted on the base. They are used mostly in re-recording channels, where the projectors and recorders are operated from a master Selsyn motor-generator set. The film phonograph is provided with a synchronous motor drive for recording incidental sound effects or for reproducing "takes" independently in order to check the quality of recording that has been obtained.
A distinct advantage of the film phonograph as thus designed is that fresh or "green" film, or rushes, may be run through the machine without danger of damaging the emulsion by pulling the film through a sound gate and shoe, because during the course of the film through the film phonograph head it comes into contact with the surface of only one roller immediately before it enters upon the sound drum.
This device, like the recorder, is equipped to accept all power and sound circuits in suitable Twist-Loc connectors mounted on panels on the rear of the film phonograph base. Also, as in the recorder, the controls are mounted on a sloping panel directly in front of the operator. The exciter lamp rheostat is located on the left-hand side of the base casting within easy reach.
Due to the demand for a recorder capable of recording sound on 16-mm. safety stock with a constancy of speed comparable with that obtained with nitrate stock at 90 feet per minute, it was evident that the electromagnetic drive could be applied to such a recorder. With the idea in mind that the greatest number of recordings on 16-mm. film would be made by direct re-recording, the recorder was built as the reverse of the 35-mm. film phonograph. This was done so that both machines could be mounted on a single base, to be driven by one motor and the controls and necessary optical systems brought within easy reach and observation of the operator. The 16-mm. recorder, although operating at only 36 feet per minute and handling safety stock with its inherent difficulties, embodies the same features