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232 DAVID W. RIDGWAY [j. s. M. p. E.
be processed is checked for any weakness or breaks and where any film weakened by notches is strengthened.
Risks. — In breaking down the predeveloped negative, there are the usual hazards incident to handling and processing film: (l) scratches and rubs, (2) static, (3) breaks in developing tanks due to faulty splices, (4) abrasions of sprocket holes and edges of film, (5) fog, and (6) dirt.
Precautions. — The danger of scratching and rubbing may be minimized by carefully handling the film and by taking care not to wind it too tightly. Static may be largely avoided by rewinding the film slowly. Little difficulty has been encountered in the form of splices breaking in tanks. The possibility of abrading the film at the sprocket holes or at the edges has not proved to be great. If the darkroom is properly equipped, the danger of fogging is insignificant. Proper ventilation of the darkroom and careful handling of the film are necessary to avoid getting dirt on the film.
Special care must always be taken in all phases of handling undeveloped film. A conscientious and painstaking operator, who will guard not only against the various hazards, but who will also be meticulous about checking and rechecking film and reports, in order to send the proper takes to the laboratories, is, therefore, essential.
Added Safety Factor. — Although certain risks are involved, an important factor of safety is gained as the result of breaking down the negative before development. As was mentioned before, previously to the adoption of this system, all takes of scenes were sent to the laboratory at the same time for development. If a failure should occur in the laboratory, for example, and the negative were stopped in the developer, all takes of a given scene might be damaged. If only one take of a scene is at the laboratory, only that one take can be damaged. Since usually two or more satisfactory takes are made of a scene, the good takes which have been held at the studio can be developed and printed, and retakes avoided. This additional factor of safety ordinarily makes it unnecessary to use two recorder heads and to make duplicate sound records on location or at other places where the danger of damage during processing has to be specially guarded against.
Storage of "Out" Takes. — Storage space for the undeveloped film must be provided and the film in the cans must be indexed so as to be readily available. The undeveloped film is ordinarily kept until the picture has been completely edited and shipped.