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A CONTINUOUS OPTICAL REDUCTION SOUND PRINTER* O. SANDVIK AND J. G. STREIFFERT**
Summary. — A continuous optical reduction sound printer is described, which prints by optical means from standard 35-mm. film to standard 16-mm. sound-film. Since the longitudinal reduction of the sound-track is greater than the lateral reduction, an anamorphote optical system is required. In the present case this optical system consists of a combination of spherical and cylindrical lens elements. Data are given which show the change in the frequency characteristic of the 16-mm. sound print as a function of the 35-mm. negative shrinkage.
The making of 16-mm. prints from 35-mm. picture negatives is now a relatively old and well-established practice. In the more recent problem of transferring sound from 35-mm. film to 16-mm. film, however, the problems are somewhat different and the requirements somewhat more stringent.
Two general procedures for carrying out this operation suggest themselves, namely, by electrical re-recording from 35-mm. film to 16-mm. film, and by reduction printing from 35-mm. film to 16-mm. film.
The relative merits of the two methods have been a subject of much discussion. It is now generally agreed that the printing of the sound is the more practical procedure for making 16-mm. release prints. This can be accomplished either by reducing the sound directly from 35-mm. film to the 16-mm. release print, or by reducing from 35-mm. film to a 16-mm. film from which release prints are made by contact. Making the 16-mm. release print directly from the 35-mm. negative record should lead to somewhat better results. The relative costs of prints made by the two methods would depend somewhat upon the number of prints made and the equipment available in any given laboratory.
Descriptions of several types of continuous reduction printers
* Presented at the Spring, 1935, Meeting at Hollywood, Calif. Communication No. 554 from the Kodak Research Laboratories. ** Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y.
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