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THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF STEREO PHOTOGRAPHY FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES*
C. KENNEDY**
Summary. — Investigating the possibilities of stereo photography in connection with i he study of art and other subjects in schools and colleges, the various properties and the historical development of stereo are analyzed, and the significance of the outstanding steps in the development pointed out.
After reviewing the theoretical conditions for accurate reconstruction of the binocular visual image, the practicability of the system using polarized anaglyphs is demonstrated and the advantages of stereo and its probable use in education discussed.
The conclusions here presented embody the first results of an investigation along practical lines made at the instance of the Carnegie Corporation and forming a part of the Corporation's carefully considered program to stimulate and improve education in the fine arts. The writer was chosen to guide this particular project in its initial stages for the reason that, over a considerable number of years, in connection with research in the field of Italian sculpture at Smith College and under the auspices of that College in Italy, he had had the most exacting practical experience in the photography of objects of art, and had been active in the publication of these studies in a series of volumes illustrated by actual photographic prints.
The problem in the form in which it was presented may be stated simply: sculpture is a three-dimensional art; for years, in fact since the earliest days of photography, the effective way in which the third dimension is reproduced by stereo photography has been emphasized in theory and, under various conditions, proved in practice ; why, then, is its use for serious study in our colleges and secondary schools practically non-existent? After a period of the most exaggerated popular enthusiasm for its miracle-working properties, an enthusiasm that reached its height not far from a century ago, the stereo viewer, with its battery of warped cardboard stereograms, has been laid upon the shelf. Every attempt to revive it in a different
*Presented at the Fall, 1935, Meeting at Washington, D. C. **Smith College, Northampton, Mass.