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SOME HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES OF MOTION PICTURE FILM*
A. H. NUCKOLLS AND A. F. MATSON**
Summary. — The hazards in handling or storing cellulose nitrate motion picture film are due to the unusually low temperature of ignition of the film, the extremely rapid rate of combustion, and the possibility of its decomposing (exothermic) even in a restricted supply of air (oxygen), with the evolution of explosive and poisonous gases. Data and information in respect to these hazardous properties of cellulose nitrate film are given. The importance of complying with the regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters can not be overestimated in obtaining adequate provision for handling and storing film safely.
Film having a cellulose acetate base was first submitted to the Laboratories about 20 years ago, and as the result of an extensive investigation, the acetate-base film in the form of ribbon for motion pictures was listed as slow-burning, the fire hazard being somewhat less than that of common newsprint paper in the same form and quantity. Data in respect to the hazardous properties of slow-burning cellulose acetate film are given, together with a brief description of tests conducted on slow-burning films at Underwriters1 Laboratories.
Many cellulose nitrate film fires and explosions in the past involving loss of life and damage to property have been thoroughly investigated by underwriters and others in order to devise measures to control this hazard. Through the combined efforts of the National Board of Fire Underwriters, the National Fire Protection Association, and manufacturers of cellulose nitrate, regulations governing the handling and storage of inflammable film have been worked out and have been in use for many years. This paper will discuss some of the hazardous properties of cellulose nitrate film and also the cellulose acetate slowburning type of film.
In handling and storing nitrocellulose, or, chemically speaking, cellulose nitrate, film, the danger is due to the unusually low temperature of ignition or decomposition of the film, its extremely rapid rate of combustion, and the fact that it can decompose (exothermic) even in a restricted supply of air or oxygen, with the evolution of explosive and poisonous gases.
*Presented at the Spring, 1936, Meeting at Chicago, 111. """Underwriters' Laboratories, Chicago, 111.
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