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10 PROGRESS OF MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY [J. S. M. P. E.
simplify and refine, apparatus. Sixteen-mm. projectors have been continually improved so that now the quality of both picture and sound compares favorably with that of 35-mm. equipment. In the meantime film manufacturers also have improved their products and have kept abreast of the increased demand for finer-grained films, made necessary by the increased size of screen images.
These improvements are opening new fields to 16-mm. film, which is rapidly leaving the strictly amateur classification to enter the semiprofessional field ; not as a competitor to 35-mm. film, but rather to augment it by filling the need of the smaller communities for film education and entertainment where the expense of 35-mm. equipment is prohibitive. Realizing this, one of the large film producers has, for the first time, announced the release of certain 35-mm. feature pictures on both 35 and 16-mm. film.
The popularity of 8-mm. film is slowly increasing, being promoted by the development of well-built, satisfactory, low-priced cameras and projectors. Here, as in the 16-mm. field, the 8-mm. size is making amateur movies possible where the cost of the 16-mm. film and equipment is too great.
Abroad, 1936 has witnessed the introduction of many new developments in equipment and processes. Because of the several standards of width of film in popular use, European manufacturers of equipment have found it necessary to adapt their projectors to accommodate various widths. In sound equipment flexibility was provided in the claw movement to make possible the projection of sound-films produced according to the SMPE or the European standard. With the adoption of a single international standard (the SMPE) in 1936, it can be expected that this confusion will soon disappear.
(1) Films. — Hypan, a high-speed, fully panchromatic, fine-grain, non-halation, reversible film for outdoor use was produced by the Agfa Ansco Corporation. Kodachrome Type A,1 for use with artificial light, was introduced by the Eastman Kodak Company. Gevaert announced the introduction on the American market of an Ortho, a Panchro Super and a Panchro fine-grain reversal film. Processing stations were established in the United States for developing the film. Gevaert double-8 reversible. film has also been made available on the American market.
In England, Ilford announced the introduction of Selo fine-grain reversal film. The film has a tinted base, which, it is claimed,