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July, 1939] TELEVISION PRODUCTION 61
out" effect, in which the sharpness of the features is lost. This condition is eliminated by either reducing the amount or hardness of the light, or stopping down the lens aperture. Make-up also is a factor in this effect, and lighting, camera aperture, and make-up must be correlated in order to achieve desirable results. It has further been found that the spectral characteristic of the light exercises an important effect on the resulting image. A pure white light is the ideal.
The microphoning for an episode is determined by the action that takes place. Two methods of microphoning have been evolved, first the boom or moving microphone method, wherein a comparatively light microphone boom is utilized and moved to keep the microphone reasonably close to the performers. Such a boom is shown in Fig. 2. The usual microphone position is overhead and in front of the performers and as close to them as possible without appearing in the picture.
The second method of microphoning utilizes up to four stationary microphones. These are arranged at strategic points on the scene of action, and the change-over from microphone to microphone is accomplished by fader operation by the sound monitor superviser. This method does not require production assistants for moving the microphone boom.
Four microphones placed according to this technic may be seen in Fig= 1. One is above background, the second above foreground, the third is on a floor stand, and the fourth in front of the camera. All are the Western Electric type 61 8 A on this set. The floor-stand microphone is also a property in this scene. All modern microphones have been tested in our work. The type used in any performance depends upon the performance, and changes from time to time as the developmental work proceeds.
On the night of the broadcast, the principals arrive an hour or two before the time scheduled for the episode. Last-minute modifications and confirmations are made with the operating staff and new recommendations from the staff are received, if required. The production department in cooperation with the stage manager ascertains how the properties and scenery should be handled with respect to the rest of the television program of the evening. Usually Vine Street is the last act on the program. The scenery and properties are often placed on a set prior to the broadcast, and this set not used for other acts.
The cast is next made up. Make-up is most important in long