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504 CRABTREE, EATON, AND MUEHLER [j. s. M. P. E.
in alum water for half an hour and change the water entirely two or three times."
1855. Caustic Potash: "Communication on Positive Photographs," by Mr. Malone (/. Phot, Soc., 31, June 1855, p. 177) "I suggest that you should treat the positive photograph, fixed in the ordinary way, with a strong solution of caustic potash heated to about 180° Fahrenheit; . . . carefully washing out the potash."
1856. Dilute Alkali or Alkaline Carbonate: "Photographic Chemistry," by F. Hardwick, Churchill, London (3rd Ed., 1856, p. 170). ". . . and the removal of the size which can be effected by means of a dilute alkali or an alkaline carbonate, . . . has the additional advantage of carrying out the last traces of hyposulfite of soda. . . ."
1864. Hypochlorous Acid: "Minutes of Meeting of South London Photographic Society," by F. W. Hart (Brit. J. Phot , 11, March, 1864, p. 82). Suggested the use of chlorine and barium chloride in aqueous solution to convert hypo to barium sulfate and sodium chloride.
1866. Hydrogen Peroxide: "On the Removal of the Last Traces of Hyposulfites from Positive Paper Prints," by A. Smith (Brit. J. Phot., 13, May, 1866, p. 226). Recommended the use of hydrogen peroxide, diluted with one thousand times its volume of water, for one or two minutes. Advised the neutralization of the acid in the peroxide with soda. The treatment required a rinse in water as the final operation.
1866. Hydrogen Peroxide and Ammonia: "Photography in Its Chemical Aspects," by J. Spiller (Phot. J., 11, June 1866, p. 58). Used hydrogen peroxide with ammonia but claimed that the two were "mutually decomposed." Then suggested treating first in hydrogen peroxide followed by ammonia. Note: A discussion of this paper, reported in Brit. J. Phot., 13, 1866, p. 283, recommended treating the prints first hi ammonia and then in hydrogen peroxide.
1866. Sodium Hypochlorite: "On the Elimination of the Double Hyposulfites of Soda and Silver from Photographic Prints," by F. W. Hart (Brit. J. Phot., 13, June, 1866, p. 290). Recommended sodium hypochlorite followed by very dilute ammonia to dissolve traces of silver chloride.
1866. Chloric and Perchloric Acids: Editorial — "Permanent Prints: A New Plan," by Messrs. Tichborne and Robinson (Brit. J. Phot., 13, Dec., 1866, p. 580). Twenty-four grains of barium chlorate are dissolved hi one ounce of water and 20 minims of 12 per cent perchloric acid added. For use add 2 ounces of this solution to one pint of hot water. Treat prints for about an hour and wash in water.
1872. Iodine: "The Chemistry of Photography," by W. Harrison (Scovill and Adams Co., New York, N. Y., 1892, p. 412). Vogel is credited with the first use of iodine. After careful washing the prints were placed in water to which enough iodine solution was added to give it a sherry color; then rinsed in a very weak solution of sulfite and sodium carbonate to remove the blue color and finally washed in water.
1881. Alum: "Notizen zum Bromsilber — Gelatine Verfahren," by J. M. Eder (Phot. Korr., 18, 1881, p. 203). Used a saturated solution of alum diluted one to ten with water.