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Feb., 1941]
NEW MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS
195
effect upon the eye and upon the fatigue of the spectator. Although no scientific proofs of this are available, I believe that the comments of the spectators who are allowed to see both clean film and oily film, one after the other, are sufficient indication of the increased pleasure in viewing the mottle-free film.
This question of oil on the film has not had the attention given to it which it deserves. Heretofore, it has not been thought of as an actual damage to the film as is the more conspicuous scratch. Furthermore, one has thought that if oil does get on the film it can be removed by cleaning. It is true that oil may be removed easily from a small area of film with a clean pad and fresh carbon tetrachloride, but it is quite another matter to clean an entire roll effectively without streaks, bloom, abrasion marks, etc. Thus it is that oil, which often gets on the film on its initial run, regardless of the quality of the house, usually stays there throughout the life of the film. Large sums of money are spent by film manufacturers, processing laboratories, and studios in order that the photographic quality of the
FIG. 4. Apparatus for applying protective film lacquer to the picture and sound-track area only of 35-mm film by means of a liquid bead: (A) stock roll; OB) drive sprocket; (C) float roll (oil-damped); (D} idle roll; (£) driven applicator roll; (F) drive sprocket; (G) drying cabinet; (H) take-up roll ; (/) lacquer pan.
pictures may be maintained at the highest possible level, yet this oil mottle often nullifies completely the careful work which has been done on the picture to this point.
The reason why oil spots on film produce mottle is well understood. Each oil spot produces a glossy surface which permits more of the light from this area to be focused on the screen than from the neighboring unoiled surfaces.
The remedy, of course, is to make the whole surface glossy so that there will be no more light coming from the oily spots than from the rest of the surfaces. This lacquer accomplishes this to a remarkable degree. Although the trained eye can readily distinguish the oil, even on the lacquered film, the improvement is great enough so that most spectators would feel that the mottle is entirely eliminated.
Results of Field Tests. — For the evaluation of the effectiveness of this lacquer treatment under actual trade conditions, a feature picture was placed at our disposal by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Company. A portion of this print was given the lacquer treatment at the time of release. The entire feature was then