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THE CARBON SITUATION AND COPPER CONSERVATION* E. A. WILLIFORD** The meeting of the Atlantic Coast Section of the Society on May 21st was devoted to the question of "Wartime Conservation in Theater Projection" The paper that formed the basis of the meeting has already been published, in last month's issue of the JOURNAL. At the end of the presentation, the following discussion, on the carbon situation and the conservation of copper, was contributed by Mr. Williford. I appreciate your request that I tell you something about the car- bon situation. Fortunately, the basic materials for the manufacture of projector carbons are petroleum products, of which ample supplies are available. We do not see any possibility of there being any shortage of these materials. For high-intensity type carbons, however, certain rare-earth minerals are used to produce the brilliant white source of light, and these rare-earth materials have been supplied principally from India. Before America entered the war there was several years' supply of this material in the United States and, according to my latest information, there is still several years' supply here. More is coming in as shipping facilities are available. Brazil also contains large deposits of these minerals which could be used if the Indian source is cut off. There are even deposits of this material in the United States, although the costs of obtaining it would be quite high as compared with Indian costs, or even Brazilian costs. In any event, there does not appear, at this time, to be any prospective shortage of these rare-earth minerals. For "Suprex" carbons, high-intensity negatives, and a few other types of projector carbons it has been necessary to curtail our use of copper in the copper plating. As you know, the war needs for copper are greatly in excess of any visible supply and it is up to every * Presented at the meeting of the Atlantic Coast Section at New York, N. Y., May 21, 1942. ** National Carbon Company, New York, N. Y.