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274 C. M. TRAVIS [J. s. M. P. E. it does not seem that we can expect much relief for a long while to come. Without enough materials available for all nitrocellulose pur- poses, it became obvious last summer that their use in the less essen- tial products must be restricted. Accordingly the Motion Picture and General Photographic Section of the War Production Board is- sued Order L-178 on August 20, 1942, which placed 35-mm motion picture film under allocation. Since that date, as you all know, an amended L-178, much more restrictive, was issued on December 31st. Under its terms reduced amounts of film are being made available to the motion picture studios and laboratories while in- creasing quantities are being channeled to the military services employing the film for combat and other purposes. Another problem that exists in connection with manufacturing film is the limitation of manufacturing capacities of the few manufac- tures of film base. This is illustrated best by the casting machines, so called because the mixture of materials (dope) is cast onto a series of precision-made, fixed-temperature heated rollers, and by this com- plicated process are made the transparent large-dimension rolls of photographic film base, which is later coated with various types of emulsions and cut to various sizes for the many ultimate uses. These machines, necessary to the manufacture of film base, are large, complicated mechanisms requiring some 15 to 18 months to manufacture and install, and call for the use of large quantities of critical metals and other materials in their making. These metals and materials are not available for this purpose, due, of course, to the demands for such materials in other more essential in- dustries. The demand by our Armed Forces and those of our Allies for aerial type film has resulted in a decrease in the normal manufac- turing capacities of these film-base manufacturers. This decrease of capacities is brought about by the necessary use of many of these film-casting machines to manufacture this special acetate base which has certain necessary characteristics not inherent in the nitrocellulose base most commonly used in 35-mm motion picture film. This aerial type film is used widely and generally for mapping purposes and for certain reconnaissance work. This acetate type base provides a film- base with less shrinkage qualities, which is desirable from the stand- point of accuracy, particularly in connection with mapping activities, and this base also has the non-inflammable properties also necessary for the uses to which it is being put. Likewise, making acetate-base film takes approximately four times the length of time required for