Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (1930-1949)

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30 CRABTREE, EATON, AND MUEHLER [j. s. M. P. E. fixation in exhausted chrome alum baths there was no increase in the quantity of retained silver thiosulfate complex. (2) Use of Two Fixing Baths.— Several combinations of fixing baths were studied to determine the effect on the rate of removal of hypo, the degree of hardening, and the rate of elimination of the silver from the processed film. A potassium alum hardening fixing bath (Kodak F-5) was used as the first bath and either (a) a nonhardening bath F-24 (/>H = 5.6), (b) a non-hardening bath, F-5 without alum (pH = 4.5), or (c) a chrome alum bath F-23 used as the second bath. s 7 10 TIME OF FIXATION (MINUTES) 15 FIG. 10. Effect of time of fixation on degree of hardening. Eastman Motion Picture Positive Film. Type 1301. Kodak F-5 Fixing Bath (fresh pU; 4.1). When emulsion 1232 was fixed in each of these fixing bath combinations, the residual hypo content in the film varied considerably for a given washing time as shown in Table IV. A time of 20 minutes in the first bath (to insure a maximum degree of fixation in the exhausted baths) and 5 minutes in the second bath was employed. TABLE IV Effect of Second Fixing Bath on Rate of Removal of Hypo Time of Washing (Min) F-5 F-5: F-5 Hypo Content (Mg per Sq-In) F-5: F-5 (No Alum) F-5: F-24 F-5: F-23 10 25 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.04 0.02 Nil 0.005 Nil 0.06 Nil