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104 L. THOMPSON [j. s. M. P. E.
tween Kodachrome and negative film. In making a black-and-white production by the reversal method the cameraman should always try to have enough film of one emulsion number on hand to do the complete job. He should decide to what maximum density he wishes the film developed in order to get the results he wants. Usually this maximum density will be approximately 2.1 to 2.3. He should then make tests with the type of film he expects to use, at different exposure levels, and have the film developed to the correct maximum density. From this series of tests the cameraman can pick out the exposure most nearly correct and thus set his exposure meter so that he can duplicate the results throughout the production. If these simple precautions are taken he should have no trouble in getting consistent results. He should inform the laboratory doing his work what he is trying to do, and it is necessary in sending such black-andwhite films to the laboratory to enclose a note with them stating what is wanted. If the cameraman is having his film developed to a specific maximum density, he should allow enough blank film on one of the rolls for the laboratory to run an actual developing test so that they can be certain of getting the correct density. In doing professional work with 16-mm film the producer must remember that the reversal laboratories are set up to process amateur film. There are some laboratories that use automatic exposure compensation to correct exposure errors. For average amateur films this is perfectly all right, but the maker of professional pictures usually does not want this. There are other laboratories that develop to a certain maximum density and depend upon the cameraman to give the correct exposure. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, but the professional user will usually do better to give the film the correct exposure and then have it developed to a specified maximum density. In developing amateur film the reversal laboratory receives each day many different emulsion numbers from different customers. Some of this film may be out of date, some of it may be almost out of date, and other rolls may be fresh film. Some of it may have been stored under bad conditions and other rolls will have been kept under ideal conditions. Different batches of emulsion will vary, and as a result some of the rolls may be developed in such a way that they would not meet standards of the professional. For that reason it is a good idea to send a test strip along with each batch of film sent in for processing and to specify the maximum density to which the film is to be developed.