Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (1930-1949)

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Oct., 1944 PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR OF'FILM 241 appears rapidly and completely when the load is removed, the deformation is said to be elastic. When recovery after removal of the load is not complete, the nonrecoverable deformation is said to be plastic. In cases where the deformation is directly proportional to the load and is recoverable, the following relation (Hooke's Law) holds: F = E^ (2) • where F = the load applied per unit area L = the length of the sample E = a constant (the modulus of elasticity) TIME HOURS FIG 10. Typical flow (or creep) and recovery diagram for cellulose derivative films under constant tension. The modulus of elasticity (or Young's Modulus for a material under tension) is the slope of the straight line portion of the load-elongation curve (Fig. 9) for small loads, and is important as a measure of the resistance the material offers to deformation under stress. In the case of plastic materials such as cellulose nitrate and acetate film base, the load-elongation curve is a function of the rate of loading, since plastic as well as elastic deformations occur even at very small loads. The point at which the elongation increases rapidly for a small increase in load is called the yield value and is of considerable practical importance in motion picture film, since it is the point at which the material begins to give way.