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238
L. M. BEARING
Vol 44, No. 4
equipment or even to a "bucket." The present Steinman reels do not withstand the bleach of the reversal process very well and have to be tested with this solution prior to use. Good results for either negative or reversal processing may be obtained with rack equipment if due care is maintained by the operator. Physical defects such as scratches are to be expected when using the ''bucket" process and before long such crude methods will be unnecessary even in the most advanced combat areas.
Rack and Tank. — Any suitable rack and tank can be used. Where space requirements are at a premium a compact design similar to the so-called "Navy rack" will give good results. This rack consists of a folding framework, which will hold about 110 ft of 16-mm film, designed to fit a standard 8 X 10-in. sheet film developing tank (see Figs. 5 and 6). The film is wound on the rack, starting on the inside posts, then by raising into position a new tier of posts as each preceding tier is filled with film, the entire rack is filled with film. Agitation is obtained by lifting the rack several inches out of the solution and lowering it to the bottom of the tank several times at intervals while processing. The film is taken off the rack for drying. Bucket Process. — In this process the spooled film is unwound first into the prehardener solution (Fig. 7). The resulting film coils are loosened by hand while in the prehardener. The film is transferred from one solution to another as a loose mass, Fig. 8, and gently agitated by hand. Rubber gloves are recommended and care must be exercised to avoid scratching the film, but fair results may be obtained if the prehardener is used. After washing, the film is untangled, squeegeed, and hung up to dry or dried on a rack or drum.
Negative Processing. — For field processing with hand equipment, the use of the prehardener UH-1 is recommended even at normal temperatures to reduce scratches and other physical defects. The
FIG. 6. Sixteen-millimeter rack for 8 X 10-in. cut film tanks loaded with 16-mm film.