Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (1930-1949)

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April, 1945 PROCESSING OF COMBAT FILMS 251 when the end of the film is reached, or it may be operated manually if power is unavailable. The top flange has 2 settings, one for 16-mm and one for 35-mm film. A later model has a 4-in. hub which gives better quality. In operation the film is first fastened, then completely and tightly wound dry onto one reel with the emulsion side out. The outside end is then fastened to the empty reel. The film is introduced into the first solution by winding from the full dry reel onto the empty reel held submerged in the solution, the machine being held at an angle (see Fig. 11B). If a prehardener is used, the dry film can be put directly into the prehardener. Otherwise a water prebath should be used to wet the film before it enters the developer. All subsequent processing operations are performed with both reels submerged (Fig. 11C). The whole unit is moved from one tank to the next as processing proceeds. To obtain efficient washing the stream of wash water should flow forcefully against the submerged emulsion side of film. Although 200 ft of film can be processed at one time, better quality is obtained if only 100 ft is handled. When splicing is required, the splices must be strong enough to withstand the maximum tension on the machine, and any unnecessary FIG. 11. Smith 16 and 35-mm film developing outfit showing method of winding dry film into prehardeners olution.