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322 J. L. FORREST Vol 45, No. 5
From point B to point C a reverse condition exists and the film becomes shorter. In order to compensate for this reversed dimensional change, the drying cabinet is underdriven, which means that more film is drawn into the cabinet than is taken from it. This difference in drive is in relation to the dimensional change which occurs in the film.
By designing each section of the machine to compensate independently for these dimensional change factors, the tension on any part of the film at any point in the machine never exceeds 30 grams or one ounce. With this low strain on the film, breaks in the machine are extremely rare. We have some machines in continuous operation for more than 6 months at a time without a film break.
All metallic parts of the developing machines coming in contact with the solutions are made of 18-8 stainless steel. The solution tanks are made of steel, rubber coated l/s in. inside and l/it> in. on the outside. It has been found that coating the tanks with rubber on the outside reduces the maintenance cost.
In operation, the film is fed into an elevator. The elevator holds about 120 ft of film. From the elevator the film passes over a break signal device into the first developing tank. There are 4 roller banks in the first developer giving a total time of 12 min at normal operating speed. After developing, the film passes successively into the rinse, the short-stop, the hardener, then through the light lock into white light. At this point it is given a second exposure. The second exposure is supplied by 4 GE PS-2o lamps, 2 placed on each side of the film.
Simultaneously with the second exposure the film is given a 3-min wash and then goes into the color developer. There are 5 banks of rollers in the color developer. This gives a total time of 15 min at normal operating speed.
The next 4 units of the developing machine are in single tanks to accommodate the steps of rinsing, short-stopping, hardening, and washing. After the film has passed through the hardener and its subsequent wash, it travels into the bleach. The bleach tank accommodates 2 units and provides 6 min at normal operating speed. Bleaching is usually completed in 2l/z min. The extra time is provided to insure thorough bleaching. After bleaching, the film passes through a wash tank and then into the fixer.
The fixer tank contains 2 units allowing 6 min at normal operating speed. This insures complete removal of the rehalogenated silver.