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1948 SCREENING-ROOM PROJECTION EQUIPMENT 263
by Grignon,1 as being due to one or more of three things : the original photography, printing, or to background projection. To determine if flicker is present in the picture it is important that the flicker from the projection equipment be negligible. Power for the arc lamp should have a very low ripple content, and the intensity of light on the screen should be kept within the limits recommended, as flicker due to the projector shutters becomes more objectionable as the light intensity is increased.
Checking Special Effects and Relative Density
The intensity, and the quality of the light on the screen in the screening room plays an important part when checking night scenes, subdued lighting scenes, special effects, background photography, the lighting of the set where the picture was photographed, the artists' make-up, and when judging by visual observation the optimum relative density of each scene on the film. To check these effects correctly, the lighting conditions on the screen should coincide with those on the screen in the average theater; the intensity of light should be kept within the limits2 of 9 to 14 foot-lamberts, and it should be of daylight quality, such as is obtained from a high-intensity arc lamp.
CONDITIONS ENCOUNTERED IN SCREENING ROOMS
Green Film and Film Splices
Much of the film projected in screening rooms at film studios and laboratories is "green." Oftentimes difficulty is experienced when this film is being projected unless several precautions are taken to prevent the deposit of emulsion in the film trap. When emulsion does collect in the film trap, it usually results in difficulty in keeping the picture in focus, lateral and vertical picture motion on the screen, andr because of the increased friction of the film in the gate, torn sprocket holes. In order to avoid these difficulties, projectionists have used many expedients such as decreasing the tension on the film pads in the film gate, and dropping oil on the film as it passes into the film trap. In some cases, the emulsion deposit has been so thick and caused so much trouble that it has been necessary to stop the projector before running all of the film and clean the emulsion from the film trap.
In many cases the film which is projected in these screening rooms consists of short sequences spliced together. No modifications need be